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Temple Israel is the oldest synagogue in Columbus, Ohio,〔 and a founding member of the Union for Reform Judaism.〔 Formed as early as 1846〔 as the Orthodox Bene Jeshurun congregation, its first religious leader was Simon Lazarus, a clothing merchant who founded what would become Lazarus department stores.〔 Differences between traditionalists and reformers led to a split in 1868, and re-merger in 1870, as the Reform "B'nai Israel" (later Temple Israel).〔 To accommodate growth, the congregation constructed buildings in 1870 and 1903–1904.〔 Jerome Folkman started his tenure as the synagogue's longest-serving rabbi in 1947,〔 and the congregation moved to its current location in 1959,〔 a building designed by architect Percival Goodman.〔 The building was significantly renovated in the late 1990s.〔 Misha Zinkow has been the senior rabbi since 2004.〔 ==Formation, move to Reform== Temple Israel was formed as early as 1846〔 by eleven families〔Cole (2001), p. 159 says "about thirty members".〕 of Jews of German background as Bene Jeshurun,〔or Bene Jeshuren or B'nai Jeshurun〕 the first and oldest Jewish congregation in Columbus.〔Landman (1942), Vol. 8, p. 289.〕 Originally Orthodox,〔History of Temple Israel, Temple Israel website.〕〔Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 289.〕 its first religious leader was Simon Lazarus, a clothing merchant who founded what would become Lazarus department stores. Lazarus, who had received rabbinical training in Berlin, served as a rabbi, without pay, and services were initially held in an upstairs room in his store.〔〔〔Landman (1941), Vol. 3, p. 311.〕 By 1868, many members wished to reform the services, and a majority (19 families, including all the remaining original founders) left Bene Jeshurun to form "B'nai Israel".〔Also spelled "Benai Israel" – see ''American Jewish Yearbook'', Vol. 9, p. 360.〕 By 1870 Bene Jeshurun had dissolved; its members joined B'nai Israel, which also inherited Bene Jeshurun's assets. That year the congregation hired its first full-time rabbi, Judah Wechsler, and erected its first building, at the corner of Friend and Third Streets. The lot had cost $5,000 (today $), with funds coming primarily from 21 of the 35 member families.〔〔〔Meckler (2009).〕 The laying of the cornerstone was accompanied by "Masonic ceremonies", and the keynote speaker was rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise.〔 In the new building the congregation significantly reformed its religious practices. It adopted the ''Minhag America'' prayer-book, with prayers in English instead of Hebrew, added choir music (including non-Jewish choir members) to the service, adopted mixed seating (men and women together), insisted that sermons be given in English and German,〔 The congregation also did away with the second day of the three Pilgrimage Festivals and the New Year, and allowed men to pray without wearing head coverings.〔Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 290.〕 Nevertheless, for a time, they kept some traditional practices and views; they "continued to employ a ritual slaughterer",〔Diner (1995), p. 130.〕 and, in 1872, the synagogue board demanded that officials "put a stop to" Christian songs in public schools.〔Diner (1995), p. 153.〕 The following year the congregation was one of the founding members of the Union for Reform Judaism.〔Union for Reform Judaism, Temple Israel website.〕 Wechsler left in 1873, and was succeeded as rabbi that year by Samuel Weil. Weil served for three years.〔〔 He was followed by Emanuel Hess,〔 who had been born in Meerholz, Germany in 1845.〔Brock (2003), p. 35.〕 At the time, the congregation was experiencing financial difficulties. Hess was forced to leave after only one year, when he failed to ask for permission to officiate at the marriage of a non-member.〔 Hess moved to Congregation B'nai Zion in Shreveport, Louisiana, where he served until 1888, and then to Mount Zion Temple in St. Paul, Minnesota until his death in 1906.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Temple Israel (Columbus, Ohio)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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